The Science Behind Setting Up Your Classroom
Can you believe it’s almost the start of a new school year? Even if you’re teaching in a year-round setting like corrections, August/September can still evoke the feeling of excitement we all had in elementary when we got to shop for school supplies and maybe new clothes. As a teacher, part of the fun of a new school year is setting up your classroom. Bulletin boards, seating arrangements, anchor charts…excitement and hope abound!
Edutopia recently posted a summary of a research project conducted in the UK about the science of classroom design, and it seemed like the perfect topic for today’s blog discussion.
I love this quote from the research: “[classrooms should be] designed to make attending school an interesting and pleasurable experience.” Amen to that! A classroom should be engaging, inviting, educational, and above all a safe space for students. This is in every setting: primary, secondary, postsecondary, and in alternative settings like prisons and jails. That last setting can be tricky, since you may not have bulletin boards, and if you do, you may not be allowed to use staples or tacks and anchor paper doesn’t always stick to cinder block walls. You have to be creative!
The science behind classroom design blends principles of psychology, neuroscience, and architecture to create environments that enhance learning and foster engagement, and once all that’s settled, you need to add pedagogy and learning theory as well. Here’s what some collective research and my own observations note:
One of the fundamental principles of effective classroom design is maximizing natural light. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to natural light improves mood, energy levels, and cognitive performance. Classrooms with large windows or skylights allow natural light to flood the space, creating a bright and inviting atmosphere. For classrooms where natural light is limited (like a portable building or a prison), using full-spectrum lighting that mimics daylight can be a beneficial alternative.
The layout of the classroom is another critical factor that influences learning. Traditional rows of desks facing the teacher are gradually being replaced by more flexible arrangements. Research suggests that collaborative learning environments, where desks are arranged in clusters or U-shapes, promote student interaction, engagement, and cooperative learning. This layout encourages students to work together, share ideas, and develop social skills, all of which are essential for holistic learning. In alternative settings, group work is often discouraged for safety reasons (or you know, punishment) so students may not be allowed to face each other, but experiment with U shapes. I do this even in training sessions, using U or chevron shaped arrangements.
Acoustics play a significant role in creating an effective learning environment. Poor acoustics can lead to increased noise levels and distractions, making it difficult for students to concentrate and for teachers to communicate effectively. Sound-absorbing materials such as carpets, acoustic panels, and ceiling tiles can help reduce noise and create a quieter, more focused classroom. Additionally, incorporating soft furnishings and plants can further dampen sound and add a calming element to the space. I understand the challenge in prison classrooms, but experiment with what you can use that’s within policy but will absorb some of the noise bouncing off of concrete walls.
Temperature and ventilation are also crucial components of classroom design. Studies have shown that students perform better in environments with optimal temperature and air quality. Classrooms that are too hot or too cold can lead to discomfort and decreased concentration. Ensuring proper ventilation and maintaining a temperature between 68-74 degrees Fahrenheit can create a comfortable learning environment that supports student well-being and productivity.
The use of color in the classroom can significantly affect student mood and behavior. Color psychology indicates that different colors evoke different emotional responses. For instance, blue and green are calming and promote focus, while yellow can stimulate creativity and energy. When designing a classroom, it’s important to consider the psychological impact of color and use it strategically to create a balanced and conducive learning environment. I find this particularly effective in prison classrooms. There’s not a lot of color variation in institutions, so your classroom can be an oasis in that regard.
Flexible and adaptable furniture is another element of effective classroom design. Adjustable desks and chairs, mobile storage units, and modular seating allow for a versatile space that can be easily reconfigured to suit different teaching methods and activities. This flexibility supports differentiated instruction and accommodates various learning styles, making it easier for teachers to engage students and meet their individual needs.
Lastly, incorporating elements of nature, known as biophilic design, has been shown to enhance cognitive function and reduce stress. Adding plants, natural materials, and nature-inspired artwork can create a more stimulating and pleasant learning environment. These elements not only improve aesthetics but also contribute to a sense of well-being and connection to the natural world.
When it comes to learning, students should see their work and the work of their peers displayed, information that prompts memory or guides lessons is a huge help to students, and if you have neurodivergent students, there’s a lot of research out there about how environment can assist their learning journey.
Creating learning environments that are conducive to both student engagement and teacher effectiveness is a worthwhile endeavor, to say the least. As educators, we have the power to shape our environments in ways that inspire and empower our students, and understanding the science behind classroom design is a crucial step in that process. And, you know, it’s FUN!
If you’re getting ready for a new school year as a teacher or student, I tip my coffee cup to the feelings of excitement, anticipation, and maybe a little trepidation. It’s good to be alive and learning, isn’t it?
